Question 1

If the wild-type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATE (stop) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Missense
B)   Nonsense
C)   Insertion
D)   Deletion
E)   SilentF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

For DNA replication, a primer of ________ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition.

Accepted Answer

A)   polymerase III
B)   polymerase I
C)   helicase
D)   RNA
E)   DNAF) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   histones
B)   amino acids
C)   nucleotides
D)   mRNA
E)   polymerasesF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

DNA fragments can be separated in gel electrophoresis because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   nitrogenous bases have a net positive charge
B)   nitrogenous bases have a net negative charge
C)   phosphate groups have a net positive charge
D)   phosphate groups have a net negative charge
E)   None of the choices are correctF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

The development of virulent, toxin-producing bacterial strains due to the presence of a temperate phage can occur in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterial conjugation
B)   transformation
C)   generalized transduction
D)   specialized transduction
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

DNA polymerases used in PCR ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   use an RNA template to make complementary DNA
B)   must remain active at very cold temperatures
C)   include Taq polymerase
D)   are labeled with fluorescent dyes
E)   All of the choices are correctF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is incorrect about transfer RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   It has a bottom hairpin loop with an anticodon.
B)   An anticodon is complementary to a codon.
C)   It contains a binding site for an amino acid.
D)   The initiator tRNA that binds to the P site has the anticodon UAC.
E)   The initiator tRNA in bacteria carries tryptophan.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

tRNA plays a role in which of the following processes of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Translation
B)   Transcription
C)   Replication
D)   TransductionE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Full induction of the lactose operon requires ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lactose present
B)   lactose and glucose present
C)   lactose present without glucose
D)   lactose and arabinose present
E)   All of the choices induce the lactose operonF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 10

The expression of genetic traits is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   genome
B)   genotype
C)   proteome
D)   phenotype
E)   proteotypeF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

The discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome means that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   individual risk for specific diseases can be analyzed, and personalized medicine designed as a result of the analysis
B)   the human species is in grave danger of dying out due to the threat of mutation across the species
C)   genes are not important in determining the individual phenotypes of individuals, since we are all similar in our growth, metabolism and reproduction
D)   mutations are far more dangerous than we thought, prior to the Human Genome ProjectE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Excised introns form structures called lariats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

During DNA replication, synthesis of the leading strand of DNA differs from the synthesis of the lagging strand in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the leading strand is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork, whereas the lagging strand extends away from the fork and is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments
B)   the leading strand is synthesized away from the fork and is made in short segments called Okazaki fragments whereas the lagging strand extends continuously toward the replication fork
C)   the leading strand is made in the 5'-3' direction by DNA polymerase III, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction, 3'-5'
D)   only the lagging strand requires a primer for each of the Okazaki fragments; the leading strand does not require a primer to begin synthesis of the daughter strandE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

A sequence of bases on a eukaryotic gene that does not code for protein is called a(n)  ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   promoter
B)   operator
C)   operon
D)   exon
E)   intronF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Which cell can transfer chromosomal and plasmid genes to a recipient cell by conjugation?

Accepted Answer

A)   F+ cell
B)   F- cell
C)   Hfr cell
D)   R cell
E)   B cellF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 16

The RN is aware that many different types of mutations have been identified in the gene that causes cystic fibrosis. Which of the following terms would best describe a mutation that leads to the deletion of two bases from a DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)   Frameshift mutation
B)   Back mutation
C)   Silent mutation
D)   Point mutationE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

The emerging field of synthetic biology, while offering promising breakthroughs in medicine and energy production, is not without concern. Apprehension by ethicists is understandable since ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the ability to create life from scratch raises a multitude of issues
B)   medical insurance costs will likely skyrocket
C)   mutations in manufactured cells will cause problems for existing organisms
D)   oil and gas prices will increase as a result of the decreased demand for fossil fuelsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Which statement best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins and some information from RNA flows back to DNA in a regulatory role.
B)   DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins.
C)   DNA synthesizes proteins.
D)   RNA directs the synthesis of DNA, which codes for proteins.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

The various techniques by which scientists manipulate DNA in the lab are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic engineering
B)   biotechnology
C)   recombinant DNA
D)   gel electrophoresis
E)   gene probesF) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

The basic premise of gene therapy is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the error in protein production from a defective gene is overcome by the insertion of the correct gene from a healthy cell into the patient's tissue
B)   the defective gene is permanently excised from the patient's cells
C)   genetically engineering the correct gene into the patient's tissues has had no reported safety issues
D)   the correct gene, once inserted into the affected tissue, will be passed on to the individual's offspring, thus eliminating the disease from future generationsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Exam 8: Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

If the wild-type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATE (stop) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The emerging field of synthetic biology, while offering promising breakthroughs in medicine and energy production, is not without concern. Apprehension by ethicists is understandable since ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basic premise of gene therapy is that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excised introns form structures called lariats.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The expression of genetic traits is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA fragments can be separated in gel electrophoresis because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

tRNA plays a role in which of the following processes of protein synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The RN is aware that many different types of mutations have been identified in the gene that causes cystic fibrosis. Which of the following terms would best describe a mutation that leads to the deletion of two bases from a DNA sequence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For DNA replication, a primer of ________ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The various techniques by which scientists manipulate DNA in the lab are called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sequence of bases on a eukaryotic gene that does not code for protein is called a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which cell can transfer chromosomal and plasmid genes to a recipient cell by conjugation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is incorrect about transfer RNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The development of virulent, toxin-producing bacterial strains due to the presence of a temperate phage can occur in ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome means that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA polymerases used in PCR ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Full induction of the lactose operon requires ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During DNA replication, synthesis of the leading strand of DNA differs from the synthesis of the lagging strand in that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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