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Julia's is an upscale women's clothing store. Prices are based on customers' beliefs about the value of the clothing. The store focuses on a limited target market and provides excellent customer service. Julia's is using a ________________ pricing strategy.


A) customer-oriented
B) target profit
C) target return
D) status quo
E) maximizing profits

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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Frank's Heating and Air Conditioning Company specializes in electric heat pumps. Frank keeps track of the price of natural gas, knowing that


A) natural gas creates more environmental greenhouse effects than coal.
B) an increase in the price of natural gas will increase demand for his electrical heating systems.
C) gas heating systems and electrical heating systems are complementary goods.
D) when the price of natural gas goes up, the quantity demanded also rises.
E) the demand for natural gas is price elastic.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Marlie designs and manufactures specialty furniture. She has a number of unique products but can only produce in limited quantities. Marlie will probably NOT use a market penetration strategy because


A) there are few barriers to competitive entry in the market.
B) she could not meet a rapid rise in demand.
C) a low price would indicate low quality.
D) she would have to determine zone pricing discounts.
E) the experience curve effect would drop unit costs too rapidly.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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In a market with _______________, there are many firms providing differentiated products.


A) pure competition
B) oligopolistic competition
C) monopolistic competition
D) a monopoly
E) a duopoly

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Small business consultants are constantly admonishing would-be entrepreneurs, "Beware of the overhead." Using an overhead of $100,000 and then an overhead of $200,000, with a contribution per unit of $50, determine the break-even points.

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With an overhead of $100,000 and a contr...

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Earl was known for driving 30 miles to save a dollar on the price for his favorite beverage. Earl perceived price as ________________, while most consumers recognize price as the ______________ made to acquire a good or service.


A) money paid; overall sacrifice
B) variable cost; fixed cost
C) fixed cost; variable payment
D) overall sacrifice; monetary payment
E) break-even amount; price elasticity

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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The full price of a product or service includes all of the following EXCEPT


A) taxes.
B) shipping.
C) travel costs.
D) the price of alternative products and services.
E) value of the consumer's time.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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_________________ measures consumers' sensitivity to price changes.


A) Cross-price elasticity of demand
B) Price elasticity of demand
C) Income elasticity of demand
D) Competitive profit elasticity of demand
E) Inelastic demand price parity

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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A customer orientation toward pricing implicitly invokes the concept of


A) knowing the dimensions of the target market.
B) positioning.
C) the income effect.
D) value.
E) profit.

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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To discourage consumers from buying in gray markets, some manufacturers have


A) warned consumers that their warranty is null and void if purchased through a gray market supplier.
B) shifted advertising resources from gray markets to black markets.
C) increased the price to gray markets while maintaining existing prices to blue markets.
D) petitioned government regulators to impose price controls.
E) lowered the quality of their products to reduce gray market demand.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Because there are only a few firms in markets with oligopolistic competition,


A) everyone is a price taker.
B) producers do not have to consider the reactions of rival firms.
C) government often encourages consolidation to reduce the number of competitors.
D) price wars may occur.
E) the many competitors will focus on product differentiation.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The more substitutes that exist in a market,


A) the lower the price elasticity for each product.
B) the greater the income elasticity for each product.
C) the easier it will be to utilize a target profit pricing strategy.
D) the more sensitive consumers will be to changes in the price of a particular product.
E) the more likely the market will be characterized as an oligopoly.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Mario is the first retailer in town to sell games for Sony's new PlayStation 3 machine. Mario wants to quickly capture as much of the market for the new games as possible. Mario will likely use a __________ pricing strategy.


A) market penetration
B) bundling
C) price fixing
D) reference
E) skimming

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Unlike product, promotion, or place, price is the only part of the marketing mix


A) that offers the opportunity for an oligopoly.
B) that is subject to gray market manipulation.
C) that leads to competition.
D) that generates revenue.
E) that is determined by the consumer.

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Raymond estimates the fixed costs associated with opening a new bank branch are $500,000. He estimates the branch will attract 1,000 new customers who will cost $50 / year to service each of their accounts. He also expects to generate $100,000 in fees annually from these accounts. What will be the total cost of opening the new branch and remaining open for one year?

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Total cost = fixed c...

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Odd prices suggest low quality.

A) True
B) False

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Cheryl wants to quickly establish a dominant market share for her new line of ergonomic pens. To do this, she will likely use a market penetration pricing strategy.

A) True
B) False

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At Ben's college, the local Dunkin' Donuts gives a 10% discount to students. Is this price discrimination? Why or why not?

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When firms sell the same product to diff...

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__________ is the practice of colluding with other firms to control prices.


A) Competitive favoritism
B) Industry tightening
C) Monopolistic competition
D) Price fixing
E) Regressive pricing

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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In U.S. markets, there are many substitute products for Fruit Loops cereal, suggesting the price elasticity of demand for Fruit Loops is high.

A) True
B) False

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